Abstract
Optical fiber current sensors are widely used in the online monitoring of a new generation power system because of their high electrical insulation, wide dynamic range, and strong anti-electromagnetic interference ability. Current sensors, based on fiber Bragg grating (FBG) and giant magnetostrictive material, have the advantages of high reliability of FBG and high magnetostrictive coefficient of giant magnetostrictive material, which can meet the monitoring requirements of digital power systems. However, giant magnetostrictive materials are expensive, fragile, and difficult to mold, so giant magnetostrictive composite materials have replaced giant magnetostrictive materials as the sensitive elements of sensors. High sensitivity, high precision, wide working range, low response time, and low-cost optical fiber current sensors based on magnetostrictive composites have become a research hotspot. In this paper, the working principle of the sensor, the structure of the sensor, and the improvement of magnetostrictive composite materials are mainly discussed. At the same time, this paper points out improvements for the sensor.
Highlights
With the rapid development of intelligent power grid technology, optical fiber current sensors play an important role in power measurement, monitoring, and protection
The measurement object of the optical fiber current sensor is a magnetic field generated by the current, not the current itself, which avoids the danger of high voltage measurement [1]
Optical fiber current sensors reported in the literature mainly include Faraday magneto-optical effect, Rogowski coil photoelectric hybrid, and magnetostrictive effect combined with optical fiber
Summary
With the rapid development of intelligent power grid technology, optical fiber current sensors play an important role in power measurement, monitoring, and protection. In the current sensor based on Faraday magneto-optical effect, accuracy problems caused by linear birefringence in optical fiber, the verdet constant drift caused by temperature, and aging problems of the sensor head have always been the biggest obstacles to the practical application of this kind of current sensor; the Rogowski coil photoelectric hybrid current transformer is still affected by environmental electromagnetic field, high-voltage circuit current supply, and other factors in practical application; and the magnetostrictive current sensor has wide current response frequency band and high sensitivity, and can realize distributed measurement with the cooperation of demodulation instruments. Optical fiber current sensors based on magnetostrictive composite material have the advantages of high sensitivity, high precision, wide working range, low response time, and low cost. The improvement of magnetostrictive composites is mainly studied from aspects of particle volume fraction, binder type, particle size, orientation magnetic field, and molding pressure
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