Abstract
Glycerolipids, sphingolipids, and sterols are the three major classes of membrane lipids. Both glycerolipids and sphingolipids are comprised of combinations of polar headgroups and fatty acid tails. The fatty acid tail can be chemically modified with an azobenzene photoswitch giving rise to photoswitchable lipids. This approach has yielded a number of photopharmacological tools that allow for the control various of aspects of lipid assembly, metabolism, and physiology with light.
Highlights
Glycerolipids and sphingolipids both exhibit acyl chains as hydrophobic tails.[1,2] These can be chemically modified to afford functionalized lipids, such as isotopically labeled lipids, fluorescent lipids, and photocrosslinking lipids, which have empowered the field of lipid research.[3,4] Such lipids enable the quantification, visualization, and interaction profiling of lipids in biological systems
We describe applications to the classes of glycerolipids and sphingolipids
Yielded a photolipid that activates Lysophosphatidic Acid (LPA) receptors with higher potency in its light-induced cis-form (Fig. 2A). The usefulness of this tool for the optical control of LPA physiology was demonstrated through the activation of neurite retraction
Summary
Glycerolipids and sphingolipids both exhibit acyl chains as hydrophobic tails.[1,2] These can be chemically modified to afford functionalized lipids, such as isotopically labeled lipids, fluorescent lipids, and photocrosslinking lipids, which have empowered the field of lipid research.[3,4] Such lipids enable the quantification, visualization, and interaction profiling of lipids in biological systems. We have recently started to systematically explore a new approach for the optical control of lipids that relies on the incorporation of hydrophobic molecular photoswitches in the fatty acid tails of lipids.[7,8] In this review, we describe applications to the classes of glycerolipids and sphingolipids. Yielded a photolipid that activates LPA receptors with higher potency in its light-induced cis-form (Fig. 2A) The usefulness of this tool for the optical control of LPA physiology was demonstrated through the activation of neurite retraction. 2.4 Phosphatidylcholine (PC)[21,22] Photoswitchable derivatives of phosphatidylcholine date back much further than the other photolipids described in this review They were extensively used to control various aspects of lipid assembly, such as supramolecular aggregation, liposome fusion, A
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