Abstract
BackgroundOptic disc melanocytoma (ODMC) was a benign pigmented intraocular tumor with the rare potential malignant transformation. This study was designed to evaluate tumor vasculature with optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in ODMC.MethodsEyes of healthy individuals in a control group and of patients with ODMC were imaged by OCTA systems operating at 840 nm wavelengths and examined. The main outcome measures were OCTA images, qualitative evaluation of optic disc and tumor vasculature, quantitative vascular density (VD) and perfusion density (PD).ResultsOne eye of ten normal volunteers and ten patients with ODMC were imaged. Eyes affected by ODMC as compared to the eyes of the control group (all P < 0.05). The healthy optic disc had radially-oriented vessels within the retina on OCTA. Optic disc melanocytoma was characterized by globular, demonstrated tortuous blood vessels, uneven thickness, and relatively disorganized intratumoral vasculature. The VD and PD within ODMC were significantly higher (12.360% ± 4.175, 0.316% ± 0.119%, P < 0.0001) than in normal optic discs (4.160% ± 2.290, 0.102% ± 0.0, 56%, P < 0.0001). No significant differences were established of the VD and PD in each single measurement zone (P > 0.05) between the ODMC and the control eyes. At 840 nm, OCTA could provide sufficient visualization of the tumor vasculature and better penetration through thicker tumors. The full thickness was visualized even in thicker tumors and highly pigmented lesions (> 2 mm). Interpretable OCTA images were obtained in 96% of the participants in whom imaging was attempted.ConclusionsOCTA may provide a noninvasive, safe, and efficient technique for evaluating a variety of neoplasms including the growth and vascularity in ODMC. OCTA could facilitate the evaluation of the vascular abnormalities of tumors and the effect of melanin on the penetration of the OCTA beam was not significant.
Highlights
Optic disc melanocytoma (ODMC) was a benign pigmented intraocular tumor with the rare potential malignant transformation
Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) was a dye-free and relatively new microvascular imaging method that has been applied to evaluate retinopathies or choroidal neovascularization and the changes in different vascular layers [1, 2]. This technique does not require injected contrast agents, which increases its safety and decreases its risk compared with traditional ophthalmic angiography tests, such as indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) and fluorescein angiography (FA)
Previous studies have shown that the optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) system working at 840 nm wavelength could improve the penetration into turbid media and decrease light scattering by tumor tissues [5, 6]
Summary
Optic disc melanocytoma (ODMC) was a benign pigmented intraocular tumor with the rare potential malignant transformation. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) was a dye-free and relatively new microvascular imaging method that has been applied to evaluate retinopathies or choroidal neovascularization and the changes in different vascular layers [1, 2]. Optic disc melanocytoma (ODMC) was a benign pigmented hamartoma with rare malignant potential, but approximately 1–2% cases have been observed to acquire malignant transformation [7]. They may infiltrate the adjacent retina and choroid [8,9,10], and while they tend to be less aggressive than posterior choroidal melanoma. OCTA could provide vascular changes associated with the malignant transformation of tumors
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