Abstract
The characterization of the properties of fuel droplets around the critical pressure is an experimental challenge. The aim of this study is to measure the size and the refractive index of droplets in high pressure conditions, close to the ones of the critical point. For this purpose, an experimental facility of injection of quasi-monodispersed droplets at high pressure has been developed. Rainbow refractometry has been used to probe droplets in the pressure range 1–50 bar. For water and ethanol droplets, evolutions of their index of refraction with pressure were obtained. For measurements with a liquid fluid near its critical point, ethane was selected because its critical point is 48.7 bar and 32.2 °C. Refractive index measurements on ethane droplets were carried out in the range of pressure and temperature 40–46 bar and 18–25 °C respectively. These unique results show that the rainbow refractometry diagnosis offers undeniable potentials for studying fuel injection under transcritical thermodynamic conditions.
Highlights
Internal combustion engines play an important role in the fields of power, propulsion and energy
A fluid is in its supercritical state once its temperature T exceeds its critical temperature (Tcr) and once at the same time its pressure P exceeds its critical pressure (Pcr) [9]
In order to understand the properties at the critical point, it is interesting to visualize the modification of the properties of a pure substance contained in a closed chamber when the vaporization curve is followed from the triple point to the critical point
Summary
Internal combustion engines play an important role in the fields of power, propulsion and energy. Lack of accurate models for spray injection still hinders the design of optimized, clean, high efficiency engine technologies. This is the case for many advanced internal combustion engines in which cylinder pressures exceed the thermodynamic critical pressure of the fuel at the start of injection. The maximum theoretical errors in the refractive-index temperature measurements on moving droplets under high pressure conditions, still being in subcritical condition, were studied.
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