Optical Camera Communication for Vehicular Applications: A Survey

Abstract

The tremendously increasing interest in visible light communication (VLC) and the attempt to use readily available light emitting diodes (LEDs) and off-the-shelf cameras have sparked great potential for new technology called optical camera communication (OCC). Recently, enhanced vehicular communication with OCC is in demand to ensure driving safety in increasingly dense vehicular traffic environments. In this paper, we survey the recent advancements made in the applications of OCC in vehicular communication. The existing OCC methodologies and several challenges arising from optical wireless channels for vehicular communication technologies in an intelligent transport system (ITS) are presented, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I), and vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication. Furthermore, we provide insights into the future potential of the OCC-based ITS, including privacy and security issues and integration of artificial intelligence (AI) with OCC for enhancing communication performance.