Abstract
Recent advancements in optical, terahertz, and microwave systems have unveiled non-transverse optical toroidal pulses characterized by skyrmionic topologies, fractal-like singularities, space-time nonseparability, and anapole-exciting ability. Despite this, the longitudinally polarized fields of canonical toroidal pulses notably lag behind their transverse counterparts in magnitude. Interestingly, although mushroom-cloud-like toroidal vortices with strong longitudinal fields are common in nature, they remain unexplored in the realm of electromagnetics. Here, we present strongly longitudinally polarized toroidal pulses (SLPTPs), which boast a longitudinal component amplitude exceeding that of the transverse component by over tenfold. This unique polarization property endows SLPTPs with robust propagation characteristics, showcasing nondiffracting behavior. The propagation-invariant strongly longitudinally polarized field holds promise for pioneering light–matter interactions, far-field superresolution microscopy, and high-capacity wireless communication utilizing three polarizations.
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