Abstract

ArticlesOPTIC NERVE REGENERATION WITH RETURN OF VISION IN ANURANSR. W. SperryR. W. SperryPublished Online:01 Jan 1944https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.1944.7.1.57MoreSectionsPDF (2 MB)Download PDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesGet permissionsTrack citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInWeChat Previous Back to Top Next Download PDF FiguresReferencesRelatedInformation Cited ByDevelopmental and Injury-induced Changes in DNA Methylation in Regenerative versus Non-regenerative Regions of the Vertebrate Central Nervous System4 January 2022 | BMC Genomics, Vol. 23, No. 1Neurophysiological and Behavioral Analysis in Xenopus30 March 2021 | Cold Spring Harbor Protocols, Vol. 2021, No. 11Establishment and Maintenance of Neural Circuit Architecture10 February 2021 | The Journal of Neuroscience, Vol. 41, No. 6Comparative gene expression profiling between optic nerve and spinal cord injury in Xenopus laevis reveals a core set of genes inherent in successful regeneration of vertebrate central nervous system axons5 August 2020 | BMC Genomics, Vol. 21, No. 1Early work supports chemoaffinity with one contradictory resultSpecification of the retina and tectumNeuroendocrine modulation of predator avoidance/prey capture tradeoffs: Role of tectal NPY2R receptorsGeneral and Comparative Endocrinology, Vol. 282Happy 80th birthday to the Journal of Neurophysiology!Bill J. Yates1 May 2018 | Journal of Neurophysiology, Vol. 119, No. 5The African clawed frog Xenopus laevis : A model organism to study regeneration of the central nervous systemNeuroscience Letters, Vol. 652Translational profiling of retinal ganglion cell optic nerve regeneration in Xenopus laevisDevelopmental Biology, Vol. 426, No. 2Seeing the future: using Xenopus to understand eye regeneration29 January 2017 | genesis, Vol. 55, No. 1-2Tctp in Neuronal Circuitry Assembly18 November 2017Lineage-Dependent Electrical Synapse Formation in the Mammalian NeocortexUsing Xenopus laevis retinal and spinal neurons to study mechanisms of axon guidance in vivo and in vitroSeminars in Cell & Developmental Biology, Vol. 51In Vitro Studies of Neuronal Networks and Synaptic Plasticity in Invertebrates and in Mammals Using Multielectrode ArraysNeural Plasticity, Vol. 2015The evolution of a distinguished neuroscience journalBill J. Yates1 July 2014 | Journal of Neurophysiology, Vol. 112, No. 1Determinants of regeneration in the injured nervous systemCiliary neurotrophic factor and fibroblast growth factor increase the speed and number of regenerating axons after optic nerve injury in adult Rana pipiens26 October 2013 | Journal of Neuroscience Research, Vol. 92, No. 1Sperry, RogerThe origins of the molecular era of adhesion research15 November 2012 | Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, Vol. 13, No. 12Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein K, an RNA-Binding Protein, Is Required for Optic Axon Regeneration in Xenopus laevis7 March 2012 | The Journal of Neuroscience, Vol. 32, No. 10Regeneration of Neural TissuesShedding Light on Class-Specific Wiring: Development of Intrinsically Photosensitive Retinal Ganglion Cell Circuitry23 August 2011 | Molecular Neurobiology, Vol. 44, No. 3Axonal tracing of the normal and regenerating visual pathway of mouse, rat, frog, and fish using manganese-enhanced MRI (MEMRI)18 July 2011 | Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Vol. 34, No. 3Is there a relationship between adult neurogenesis and neuron generation following injury across evolution?19 September 2011 | European Journal of Neuroscience, Vol. 34, No. 6Autobiographical retrospectives: Some reminiscences of cybernetics and systemsInternational Journal of General Systems, Vol. 40, No. 2Chemoaffinity Revisited: Dscams, Protocadherins, and Neural Circuit AssemblyCell, Vol. 143, No. 3Xenopus laevis as a Model for Understanding Retinal DiseasesRegulative Factors in the Orderly Growth of Retino-Tectal Connexions27 May 2008Axon PathfindingReferencesRoger Sperry: pioneer of neuronal specificityBernice Grafstein1 December 2006 | Journal of Neurophysiology, Vol. 96, No. 6Regeneration of Neural TissuesRETINOTECTAL MAPPING: New Insights from Molecular GeneticsAnnual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vol. 21, No. 1Reminiscences of McCulloch and Pitts and some othersKybernetes, Vol. 33, No. 9/10Insights into activity-dependent map formation from the retinotectal system: A middle-of-the-brain perspective1 March 2004 | Journal of Neurobiology, Vol. 59, No. 1Amphibian Regeneration and Stem CellsRestoration of VisionPersistence of graded EphA/Ephrin-A expression in the adult frog visual system12 November 2003 | The Journal of Comparative Neurology, Vol. 467, No. 4Is the soluble KDI domain of ?1 laminin a regeneration factor for the mammalian central nervous system?14 August 2003 | Journal of Neuroscience Research, Vol. 73, No. 5Increased expression of multiple neurofilament mRNAs during regeneration of vertebrate central nervous system axons25 April 2003 | The Journal of Comparative Neurology, Vol. 461, No. 2Promotion of axonal regeneration in the injured CNSThe Lancet Neurology, Vol. 2, No. 3Different Isoforms of Fasciclin II Are Expressed by a Subset of Developing Olfactory Receptor Neurons and by Olfactory-Nerve Glial Cells during Formation of Glomeruli in the Moth Manduca sextaDevelopmental Biology, Vol. 244, No. 1Target-Specific Innervation of Embryonic Cerebellar Transplants by Regenerating Olivocerebellar Axons in the Adult RatExperimental Neurology, Vol. 173, No. 2Development of the gravity sensing system1 January 2001 | Journal of Neuroscience Research, Vol. 63, No. 2Rx for tissue restoration: Regenerative biology and medicineKorean Journal of Biological Sciences, Vol. 5, No. 2Basic fibroblast growth factor applied to the optic nerve after injury increases long-term cell survival in the frog retina1 January 2000 | The Journal of Comparative Neurology, Vol. 423, No. 4Role of Schwann cells in retinal ganglion cell axon regenerationProgress in Retinal and Eye Research, Vol. 19, No. 2Re-establishment of visual circuitry after optic nerve regenerationEye, Vol. 13, No. 3Large retinal ganglion cells that form independent, regular mosaics in the ranid frogs Rana esculenta and Rana pipiens2 June 2009 | Visual Neuroscience, Vol. 14, No. 6Chiasmatic Specificity in the Regenerating Mammalian Optic NerveExperimental Neurology, Vol. 147, No. 2Regeneration in the developing optic nerve: Correlating observations in the opossum to other mammalian systemsProgress in Neurobiology, Vol. 53, No. 3Reestablishment of the olivocerebellar projection map by compensatory transcommissural reinnervation following unilateral transection of the inferior cerebellar peduncle in the newborn rat6 December 1998 | Journal of Comparative Neurology, Vol. 379, No. 2Impaired vision for binocular tasks after unilateral optic nerve regeneration in the frog Litoria mooreiBehavioural Brain Research, Vol. 84, No. 1-2A Model for Central Synaptic Junctional Complex Formation Based on the Differential Adhesive Specificities of the CadherinsNeuron, Vol. 17, No. 3Optic nerve glia secrete a low-molecular-weight factor that stimulates retinal ganglion cells to regenerate axons in goldfishNeuroscience, Vol. 72, No. 4Chapter 13 Myelin-associated neurite growth inhibitors: regulators of plastic changes of neural connections in the central nervous systemThe development of topography in the visual cortex: a review of models9 July 2009 | Network: Computation in Neural Systems, Vol. 7, No. 2REGENERATION IN THE VERTEBRATE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM: PHYLOGENY, ONTOGENY, AND MECHANISMSBiological Reviews, Vol. 70, No. 4Immunohistological localization of tenascin-c in the developing and regenerating retinotectal system of two amphibian speciesThe Journal of Comparative Neurology, Vol. 360, No. 4From tags to RAGS: Chemoaffinity finally has receptors and ligandsNeuron, Vol. 15, No. 2Behaviour of macroglial cells, as identified by their intermediate filament complement, during optic nerve regeneration of Xenopus tadpole12 October 2004 | Glia, Vol. 13, No. 4Regrowth of optic fibers and behavioral recovery after optic chiasm transectionExperimental Neurology, Vol. 132, No. 2Neuroglia in Adult AmphibiansThe return of phosphorylated and nonphosphorylated epitopes of neurofilament proteins to the regenerating optic nerve ofXenopus laevisThe Journal of Comparative Neurology, Vol. 343, No. 1Amphibian-specific regulation of polysialic acid and the neural cell adhesion molecule in development and regeneration of the retinotectal system of the salamanderPleurodeles waltlThe Journal of Comparative Neurology, Vol. 336, No. 4Transient neovascularisation of the frog retina during optic nerve regenerationThe Journal of Comparative Neurology, Vol. 336, No. 4Ipsilaterally projecting retinal ganglion cells in Xenopus laevis : An HRP study9 October 2004 | Journal of Comparative Neurology, Vol. 331, No. 4Development of the Retinotectal Projection in XenopusDevelopment of the Anuran Retina: Past and PresentOptic nerve regeneration with return of vision through an autologous peripheral nerve graftBrain Research, Vol. 585, No. 1-2Regeneration in theXenopus tadpole optic nerve is preceded by a massive macrophage/microglial responseAnatomy and Embryology, Vol. 186, No. 1L1 immunoreactivity in the developing fish visual systemBrain Research, Vol. 574, No. 1-2Purkinje Cell Heterogeneity: Its Role in Organizing the Topography of the Cerebellar Cortex ConnectionsSources of Discovery in NeuroscienceMorphological patterns in the developing vertebrate retinaAnatomy and Embryology, Vol. 184, No. 5Experience-Dependent Formation of Binocular Maps in Frogs.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Vol. 627, No. 1 Activity-DrivFrog tectal efferent axons fail to regenerate within the CNS but grow within peripheral nerve implantsExperimental Neurology, Vol. 112, No. 3Quantitative study of the tectally projecting retinal ganglion cells in the adult frog. II. Cell survival and functional recovery after optic nerve transectionThe Journal of Comparative Neurology, Vol. 307, No. 3Cold inhibits neurite outgrowth from single retinal ganglion cells isolated from adult goldfishExperimental Eye Research, Vol. 52, No. 2The effect of TTX-activity blockade and total darkness on the formation of retinotopy in the goldfish retinotectal projectionThe Journal of Comparative Neurology, Vol. 303, No. 3Glial fibrillary acidic protein in the fish optic nerveGlia, Vol. 4, No. 4Quantitative study of the tectally projecting retinal ganglion cells in the adult frog: I. The size of the contralateral and ipsilateral projectionsThe Journal of Comparative Neurology, Vol. 302, No. 4Immunological evidence that the neural adhesion molecule L1 is expressed in fish brain and optic nerve: possible association with optic nerve regenerationBrain Research, Vol. 530, No. 2Axonal regrowth in the amyelinated optic nerve of the myelin-deficient rat: Ultrastructural observations and effects of ganglioside administrationThe Journal of Comparative Neurology, Vol. 295, No. 2Neovascularization occurs in response to crush lesions of adult frog optic nervesJournal of Neurocytology, Vol. 19, No. 2Tectal connectivity in the frogRana pipiens: Tectotegmental projections and a general analysis of topographic organizationThe Journal of Comparative Neurology, Vol. 291, No. 1Development of Orderly Connections in the Retinotectal SystemThe S. Kuffler LecturePlasticity in the ipsilateral visuotectal projection persists after lesions of one nucleus isthmi inXenopusExperimental Brain Research, Vol. 79, No. 2The rise of experimental neuroembryology a personal reassessment17 March 2003 | International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience, Vol. 8, No. 2Immunohistological localization of the adhesion molecules L1, N-CAM, and MAG in the developing and adult optic nerve of miceThe Journal of Comparative Neurology, Vol. 284, No. 3Development of the nucleus isthmi in Xenopus , II: Branching patterns of contralaterally projecting isthmotectal axons during maturation of binocular maps2 June 2009 | Visual Neuroscience, Vol. 2, No. 2Routing of Axons at the Optic ChiasmMechanisms Controlling Directed Axon Regeneration in the Peripheral and Central Nervous Systems of AmphibiansCellular Architecture and Connectivity of the Frog’s Optic Tectum and PretectumLaminar histochemical and cytochemical localization of cytochrome oxidase in the goldfish retina and optic tectum in response to deafferentation and during regenerationThe Journal of Comparative Neurology, Vol. 278, No. 4A morphometric study of the retinal ganglion cell response to optic nerve severance in the frogRana pipiensJournal of Neurocytology, Vol. 17, No. 3Retinal projections to the superior colliculus and dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus in the tammar wallaby ( Macropus eugenii ): II. Topography after rotation of an eye prior to retinal innervation of the brain9 October 2004 | Journal of Comparative Neurology, Vol. 271, No. 2Trajectories of regenerating retinal axons in the goldfish tectum: I. A comparison of normal and regenerated axons at late regeneration stagesThe Journal of Comparative Neurology, Vol. 267, No. 1Activity, Chemoaffinity and Competition: Factors in the Formation of the Retinotectal MapDevelopment of retinofugal neuropil areas in the brain of the alpine newt, Triturus alpestrisAnatomy and Embryology, Vol. 177, No. 3Chapter 32 Regeneration of retinal ganglion cell axons in adult mammalsNeuroactive peptides as markers of retinal ganglion cell populations that differ in anatomical organization and function2 June 2009 | Visual Neuroscience, Vol. 1, No. 1Regenerating retinal fibers of the goldfish make temporary and unspecific but functional synapses before forming the final retinotopic projectionNeuroscience, Vol. 22, No. 3Computational models and the development of topographic projectionsTrends in Neurosciences, Vol. 10, No. 8Specific cell surface labels in the visual centers of Xenopus laevis tadpole identified using monoclonal antibodiesDevelopmental Biology, Vol. 122, No. 1Growth of retinal ganglion cell axons following optic nerve crush in adult hamstersExperimental Neurology, Vol. 97, No. 1Neuronal organization underlying visually elicited prey orienting in the frog—I. Effects of various unilateral lesionsNeuroscience, Vol. 21, No. 1How Do Retinal Axons Arrive at Their Targets?: Cellular and Molecular ApproachesDevelopment, Growth and Differentiation, Vol. 29, No. 2Tests of the regenerative capacity of tectal efferent axons in the frog,Rana pipiensThe Journal of Comparative Neurology, Vol. 255, No. 4Chapter 7 Axonal growth in developing and regenerating amphibian retinotectal projectionRegeneration of the frog optic nerveNeurochemical Pathology, Vol. 5, No. 3Interaction of efferent and afferent signals in visual perception A history of ideas and experimental paradigmsActa Psychologica, Vol. 63, No. 1The wiring-in of neural nets revisitedBulletin of Mathematical Biology, Vol. 48, No. 5-6Long-term retention of fast blue in sympathetic neurones after axotomy and regeneration—Demonstration of incorrect reconnectionsBrain Research, Vol. 376, No. 2A Neurotrophic Factor Derived from Goldfish Brain: Characterization and Purification5 October 2006 | Journal of Neurochemistry, Vol. 46, No. 6Control of the development of the ipsilateral retinothalamic projection inXenopus laevis by thyroxine: Results and speculationJournal of Neurobiology, Vol. 17, No. 3Stage-dependent restoration of sensory dorsal columns following spinal cord transection in anuran tadpoles1 January 1997 | Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. 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Initiation of patterns and their biological stabilityJournal of Theoretical Biology, Vol. 109, No. 3Peptide-like immunoreactivity in anuran optic nerve fibersThe Journal of Comparative Neurology, Vol. 226, No. 2Optic axons ignore denervated foreign territory in goldfish tectumThe Journal of Comparative Neurology, Vol. 225, No. 3Effects of light-deprivation on development of photopositive behavior inXenopus laevis tadpolesJournal of Experimental Zoology, Vol. 230, No. 2Recovery of vision in fish after optic nerve crush: A behavioral and electrophysiological studyExperimental Neurology, Vol. 84, No. 1Astrocytic membrane morphology: Differences between mammalian and amphibian astrocytes after axotomyThe Journal of Comparative Neurology, Vol. 222, No. 4Neural Transplants in Lower VertebratesOrdered Nerve Connections: Pathways and MapsBiodynamic Structures, Cognitive Correlates of Motive Sets and the Development of Motives in InfantsRegulation of mRNA levels for microtubule proteins during nerve regeneration25 October 2001 | FEBS Letters, Vol. 162, No. 2Widespread regeneration of central axons through the central nervous system of the goldfishDevelopmental Brain Research, Vol. 9, No. 3Differences between embryos and adults in the plasticity of somatosensory afferents to the axolotl tectumDevelopmental Brain Research, Vol. 7, No. 2-3Electron Microscopic in Cellular and Molecular BiologyFrog Prey Capture Behavior: Between Sensory Maps and Directed Motor OutputSnapping in Toads: Some Aspects of Sensorimotor Interfacing and Motor Pattern GenerationEntwicklung des NervensystemsThe Topography of the Initial Retinotectal ProjectionRetinotectal map formation in dually innervated tecta: A regeneration study inXenopus with one compound eye following bilateral optic nerve sectionThe Journal of Comparative Neurology, Vol. 206, No. 2Anomalous axonal outgrowth at the retina caused by injury to the optic nerve or tectal ablation in adultXenopusJournal of Neurocytology, Vol. 11, No. 2Branching of regenerating retinal axons and preferential selection of appropriate branches for specific neuronal connection in the newtDevelopmental Biology, Vol. 90, No. 1Systems Matching and Topographic Maps: The Branch-Arrow Model (BAM)The Development of Specificity of Retinal Central Connections: Changing ConceptsFunctional recovery from lesions in the escape system of the cockroachJournal of Comparative Physiology ? 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The effect of repeated crushing of the optic nerveJournal of Experimental Zoology, Vol. 125, No. 2Postnatale Regeneration der verschiedenen Hirnabschnitte bei UrodelenWilhelm Roux' Archiv f�r Entwicklungsmechanik der Organismen, Vol. 146, No. 4Formation within sensory nucleus V of synaptic associations mediating cutaneous localizationThe Journal of Comparative Neurology, Vol. 90, No. 3Orderly patterning of synaptic associations in regeneration of intracentral fiber tracts mediating visuomotor coordination3 February 2005 | The Anatomical Record, Vol. 102, No. 1FUNCTIONAL POLARIZATION IN DEVELOPING AND REGENERATING RETINAE OF TRANSPLANTED EYESAnnals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Vol. 49, No. 5FORM AND CAUSALITY IN NEUROGENESISBiological Reviews, Vol. 23, No. 1Nature of functional recovery following regeneration of the oculomotor nerve in amphibiansThe Anatomical Record, Vol. 97, No. 3 More from this issue > Volume 7Issue 1January 1944Pages 57-69 https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.1944.7.1.57History Published online 1 January 1944 Published in print 1 January 1944 Metrics

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