Opsoclonus Myoclonus Ataxia Syndrome in a HIV Patient as a rare presentation of CSF escape: A Case Report

Abstract

Cerebrospinal fluid escape is an uncommon phenomenon seen in patients where there is discordance in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid viral load. The presentation of this condition can range from being asymptomatic to the patient showing cognitive dysfunction. In addition, it can also be associated with various opportunistic neurological infections. Opsoclonus Myoclonus Ataxia is very rare entity classically associated with neuroblastoma or viral illness. Opsoclonus Myoclonus Ataxia Syndrome (OMAS) has previously been described as a presentation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus cerebrospinal fluid escape very rarely. We report a case of 55 years old patient diagnosed with HIV/AIDS, who was on first line antiretroviral therapy and presented with Opsoclonus Myoclonus Ataxia Syndrome associated with Cerebral Fluid (CSF) Escape, along with the review of the literature. Moreover, in this article, we're providing a postulation for the plausible cause behind cerebrospinal fluid escape leading to the Opsoclonus Myoclonus Ataxia Syndrome. Keywords: HIV/AIDS, CSF Escape, Opsoclonus Myoclonus Ataxia Syndrome.