Opportunities to demonstrate expertise and job satisfaction of community pharmacists in Japan and England

Abstract

ABSTRACT Background: In response to anticipated increased health needs as a consequence of aging populations, and associated rising co-morbidity and medicines use, in both Japan and the UK potential extended roles for community pharmacy are part of health policy agendas. It is widely perceived that community pharmacists do not fully utilize their expertise, which may limit their contribution to health care in their communities and also impact negatively on their own job satisfaction. Purpose: The aim of this qualitative study was to identify operations that are perceived as opportunities to demonstrate expertise (ODE) and/or sources of job satisfaction by pharmacists in Japan and England, and explore associated system and contextual factors. Methods: Data were gathered with purposively selected pharmacists in Japan and England. An initial questionnaire was forwarded which guided subsequent face-to-face semi-structured interviews. These were audio-recoded to enable qualitative analytical procedures. Results: There were 18 participants in England and 13 in Japan. There was a notable association between ODE and job satisfaction. However, ODE was not a sufficient condition for job satisfaction. Conclusion: In order for pharmacists to be satisfied with their jobs, not only ODE but also additional contextual factors, i.e. recognition of professionalism, autonomy and positive collaboration were also needed. The findings can inform initiatives in the development of pharmacy services that would be positive for pharmacists whilst potentially contributing to wider public health objectives.