Opioid mediation of the antiaversive and hyperalgesic actions of bradykinin injected into the dorsal periaqueductal gray of the rat.

Abstract

Reported evidence indicates that the dorsal region of the periaqueductal gray matter (PAG) is involved in the modulation of both pain and aversion, and that opioid mechanisms, among others, participate in their modulation. Since many central actions of bradykinin (BK) have been shown to be similar to those of morphine, the present was undertaken to measure the effects of microinjection of BK into the PAG on the thresholds of aversive electrical stimulation of the same brain area and of dental pulp electrical stimulation. Bradykinin, injected into the dorsal PAG, induced a dose-dependent increase in the aversive threshold, an effect similar to that reported by others for morphine. Also, as reported for morphine, the antiaversive effect of BK was antagonized by naloxone injected intraperitoneally. Whereas subcutaneously administered morphine induced marked analgesia, intra-PAG administration of BK caused a small but significant hyperalgesia. Similarly, morphine injected into the dorsal PAG tended to cause hyperalgesia instead of analgesia. Furthermore, the hyperalgesic effect of BK also appears to involve opioid mechanisms since it was blocked by naloxone. As in previously reported studies, intracerebroventricularly injected BK raised the pain threshold. These results indicate that BK mobilizes opioid mechanisms in the dorsal PAG that inhibit aversion but not pain.