Abstract
Background and Aim:Closantel is a widely used anti-parasitic drug that is known to cause ophthalmic problems that lead to blindness. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible electroretinographic changes in sheep that received closantel.Materials and Methods:Twenty-four 30-day-old Suffolk sheep were split into control group (12 animals) and closantel group (12 animals). The latter group received 15 mg/kg of closantel subcutaneously immediately after the first electroretinography (ERG). The ISCEV protocol was used to perform the ERGs pre-dose (0), 7, and 30 days after treatment. Statistical analyses to compare ERG responses using t-test and analysis of variance were performed (p<0.05). Three months later, the animals were euthanized and the eyes and a part of optic nerve were collected for histopathology. Photography of the retina and optic nerve was taken, and measures of the retinal layers were made and analyzed by paired t-test.Results:Closantel group showed a significant increase of the mean scotopic a-wave amplitude from 0 to 7 days after closantel administration, using a stimulus of 10,000 mcd.s/m2 and a decrease of the mean scotopic and photopic a-wave amplitude (from 7 to 30 days) using the same flash intensity, as well as a decrease in mean photopic b-wave amplitude (from 7 to 30 days) within the group. Control group showed a significant increase of the mean scotopic b-wave implicit time from pre to 30 days after treatment and an increase of the mean scotopic a-wave implicit time from pre to 7 days after treatment, with the stimulus of 10,000 mcd.s/m2. This group also showed a decrease in mean photopic b-wave implicit time (from pre to 30 days after treatment), using a stimulus of 10,000 mcd.s/m2 and a decrease in mean photopic a-wave implicit time from pre to 30 days after treatment, using a stimulus of 3000 mcd.s/m2. The no difference was found in images neither in the measurements of the retina layers.Conclusion:As observed by ERG responses and the histopathology, a dose of 15 mg/kg of closantel does not significantly affect retinal and optic nerve structures in sheep but the electroretinographic results, however, showed alterations on the phototransduction.
Highlights
Closantel [N-{5-chlorine-4-[(4-chlorophenol) cyanomethyl]-2-methylphenol}-2-hydroxide 3.5di iodobenzamide) is an anti-parasite agent that belongs to the group of salicylanilides, commonly used in Ruminantia of small sizes, and efficient in treating Haemonchus contortus, Fasciola hepatica, and Oestrus ovis [1]
Materials and Methods: Twenty-four 30-day-old Suffolk sheep were split into control group (12 animals) and closantel group (12 animals)
Control group showed a significant increase of the mean scotopic b-wave implicit time from pre to 30 days after treatment and an increase of the mean scotopic a-wave implicit time from pre to 7 days after treatment, with the stimulus of 10,000 mcd.s/m2
Summary
Closantel [N-{5-chlorine-4-[(4-chlorophenol) cyanomethyl]-2-methylphenol}-2-hydroxide 3.5di iodobenzamide) is an anti-parasite agent that belongs to the group of salicylanilides, commonly used in Ruminantia of small sizes, and efficient in treating Haemonchus contortus, Fasciola hepatica, and Oestrus ovis [1]. This drug is widely connected (>99%) to plasmatic proteins, especially albumin, in such a way that it extends the level of closantel in the plasma, protecting sheep from re-infection for up to 28 days [2,3,4]. Closantel is a widely used anti-parasitic drug that is known to cause ophthalmic problems that lead to blindness. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible electroretinographic changes in sheep that received closantel
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