Abstract
Coastal video monitoring has been proven to be a valuable shore-based remote-sensing technique to study coastal processes, as it offers the possibility of high-frequency, continuous and autonomous observations of the coastal area. However, the installation of a video systems infrastructure requires economical and technical efforts, along with being often limited by logistical constraints. This study presents methodological approaches to exploit “surfcam” internet streamed images for quantitative scientific studies. Two different methodologies to collect the required ground control points (GCPs), both during fieldwork and using web tools freely available are presented, in order to establish a rigorous geometric connection between terrestrial and image spaces. The application of an image projector tool allowed the estimation of the unknown camera parameters necessary to georectify the online streamed images. Three photogrammetric procedures are shown, distinct both in the design of the computational steps and in number of GCPs available to solve the spatial resection system. Results showed the feasibility of the methodologies to generate accurate rectified planar images, with the best horizontal projection accuracy of 1.3 m compatible with that required for a quantitative analysis of coastal processes. The presented methodologies can turn “surfcam” infrastructures and any online streaming beach cam, into fully remote shore-based observational systems, fostering the use of these freely available images for the study of nearshore morphodynamics.
Highlights
The coastal zone is an extremely dynamic environment where the complex interaction between wave action and coastal morphological processes often endanger human occupation and the use of the littoral
The analysis of the results focuses on the accuracy achieved by the remote method for ground control points (GCPs)
79 points were intercepted by the shorelines
Summary
The coastal zone is an extremely dynamic environment where the complex interaction between wave action and coastal morphological processes often endanger human occupation and the use of the littoral. Coastal studies should be as comprehensive as possible, to allow the simultaneous description of both hydrodynamic processes and morphological features, with adequate coverage in spatial and temporal scales. Real-Time Kinematic (RTK-GPS) [1], respectively. These conventional practices provide high spatial resolution measures, their repeatability and temporal coverage are limited by their technical, logistical and economical demands [2]. Direct measurements of wave properties (e.g., wave height and wave period) are traditionally obtained by oceanographic devices (e.g., wave gauges, pressure transducers, acoustic doppler current profiler etc.), whose deployment is operationally demanding and difficult, especially at high energy environments with mobile sandy bottoms.
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