Abstract
This manuscript considers the operational flammability limits of commercial fuels used in the automotive and in the aviation industry. Commonly employed fuels are considered in this study. Understanding the flammability limits is an important aspect while choosing right fuel for a given application. An explosion of stored fuel or combustion system can be catastrophic and can create a serious impact to the society. Therefore, researchers while developing fuels and combustion systems must give considerable attention. This manuscript reviews the effect of vapour pressure and temperature on flammability of fuels and reviews the auto ignition and flash point temperature of fuels commonly seen in the automotive and in the aviation industry.
Highlights
Engine fuels must be sufficiently flammable to burn readily in engines
As reaction will occur in the gas phase, a primary parameter related to flammability is the vapour pressure
Gas phase composition or equivalence ratios can be found, most commonly when the fuel vapour is mixed with air
Summary
Engine fuels must be sufficiently flammable to burn readily in engines. On the other hand, under storage conditions, the fuel must be inflammable. In measuring the flammability limit there must be no wall quenching effect, and the ignition must be strong enough to initiate the flame These limits are often expressed in terms of the temperature and pressure for mixtures with air. Lean (L) and rich (R) temperature limits at atmosphere pressure are shown in Fig. 2 for five different commercial fuels. Flammability limits can be described by the flash point This is the minimum temperature at which fuels evaporate and mix sufficiently with air, to ignite over the liquid surface. A minimum ignition energy must be supplied to the mixture to initiate an explosion
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