Abstract
Nanostructured materials play an important role in today’s chemical industry, acting as catalysts in heterogeneous thermal and electrocatalytic processes for chemical energy conversion and the prod...
Highlights
TO IN SITU AND OPERANDO INVESTIGATION OF NANOCATALYSTSOne of the greatest impacts of catalysis research on humankind was the development of the Haber−Bosch process more than 100 years ago to produce ammonia for fertilizers on an industrial scale, as it contributed to increase the world food production.[1,2] Today, catalysis research involves various disciplines ranging from surface science investigations of atomically flat or tailored single crystal surfaces[3] and nanoparticles,[4] to engineering disciplines optimizing reactor design and operation for large-scale facilities in the chemical industry
The accessible operando methods utilizing photons range from vibrational spectroscopy in the infrared and optical regime to small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), diffraction (XRD), absorption spectroscopy (XAFS), and photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), whereas electron-based techniques include scanning (SEM) and transmission microscopy (TEM) methods
We have presented a variety of in situ and operando studies revealing morphological, structural, and chemical state transformations of nanosized heterogeneous catalysts
Summary
One of the greatest impacts of catalysis research on humankind was the development of the Haber−Bosch process more than 100 years ago to produce ammonia for fertilizers on an industrial scale, as it contributed to increase the world food production.[1,2] Today, catalysis research involves various disciplines ranging from surface science investigations of atomically flat or tailored single crystal surfaces[3] and nanoparticles,[4] to engineering disciplines optimizing reactor design and operation for large-scale facilities in the chemical industry. The key to operate industrial scale facilities efficiently and cost effectively is not to achieve peak activity marks but to increase the catalyst lifetime.[5]. At this stage, in situ and operando insights into nanocatalysts is of utmost importance, as here (varying) reaction conditions can be simulated while providing information on the nanocatalyst structure, morphology, composition, and chemical state under reaction conditions.
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