Abstract
Given the growing application of open-source intelligence (OSINT), which has facilitated fast decision-making, this study aims to explore how research and educational material production in OSINT has evolved. For this analysis, two OSINT material sources are examined: the research dissemination databases and educational resources repositories. Considering that web information may or may not be publicly available, web Scraping and querying web interface strategies are used to metadata extraction. Finally, we suggest a findings hierarchical classification for the metadata retrieval results. Our main results: (1) Google Scholar and NewsBank are the centralizing axes of OSINT publications; (2) OSINT presents a broad development in the areas of defense and security; thus, presenting itself a promising future; (3) it is necessary both to generate educational resources that complement OSINT training processes and documenting existing resources with a metadata structure defined for this purpose; (4) pay increased attention to the last stages of the OSINT process, to use this knowledge in more assertive ways. This study allows guiding the researchers to the current state of research and education in OSINT and promotes a useful metadata description to make resources accessible and reusable in the educational environment.
Highlights
There is a diversification of services offered on the web, which has led to an evolution of a growing mass of digital data [1]
The following results were obtained from the Surface through the use of the web scraping: With regard to the Open-Source Intelligence (OSINT) subareas, the subarea with the most work corresponds to security
In general terms and seen from different perspectives, it it is evident that security, as well as public and government environments, correspond to the areas of is evident that security, as well as public and government environments, correspond to the areas of greatest interest in terms of the work and application of OSINT
Summary
There is a diversification of services offered on the web, which has led to an evolution of a growing mass of digital data [1]. These data can be accessed by Application Programming. Not everyone is aware that a large proportion of this information is publicly exposed and can be used by individuals or organizations with different purposes [2] This means that all information published on social networks, discussion forums, and group chats, among other sources, is free and accessible to anyone, considering the restrictions that may apply [3]. When such data are elaborated and treated, acquiring meaning and utility, they are transformed into information
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