Abstract
Scientific research requires the collection of data in order to study, monitor, analyze, describe, or understand a particular process or event. Data collection efforts are often a compromise: manual measurements can be time-consuming and labor-intensive, resulting in data being collected at a low frequency, while automating the data-collection process can reduce labor requirements and increase the frequency of measurements, but at the cost of added expense of electronic data-collecting instrumentation. Rapid advances in electronic technologies have resulted in a variety of new and inexpensive sensing, monitoring, and control capabilities which offer opportunities for implementation in agricultural and natural-resource research applications. An Open Source Hardware project called Arduino consists of a programmable microcontroller development platform, expansion capability through add-on boards, and a programming development environment for creating custom microcontroller software. All circuit-board and electronic component specifications, as well as the programming software, are open-source and freely available for anyone to use or modify. Inexpensive sensors and the Arduino development platform were used to develop several inexpensive, automated sensing and datalogging systems for use in agricultural and natural-resources related research projects. Systems were developed and implemented to monitor soil-moisture status of field crops for irrigation scheduling and crop-water use studies, to measure daily evaporation-pan water levels for quantifying evaporative demand, and to monitor environmental parameters under forested conditions. These studies demonstrate the usefulness of automated measurements, and offer guidance for other researchers in developing inexpensive sensing and monitoring systems to further their research.
Highlights
Scientific research requires the collection of data in order to study, monitor, analyze, describe, or understand a particular process or event
Data collection efforts are often a compromise: manual measurements can be time-consuming and labor-intensive, resulting in data being collected at a low frequency, while automating the data-collection process can reduce labor requirements and increase the frequency of measurements, but at the cost of added expense of electronic data-collecting instrumentation
An Open Source Hardware project called Arduino consists of a programmable microcontroller development platform, expansion capability through add-on boards, and a programming development environment for creating custom microcontroller software
Summary
Scientific research requires the collection of data in order to study, monitor, analyze, describe, or understand a particular process or event. Rapid advances in electronic technologies have resulted in a variety of new and inexpensive sensing, monitoring, and control capabilities These rapidly evolving technologies provide researchers and practitioners with access to low-cost, solid-state sensors and programmable microcontroller-based circuits. A similar effort was undertaken to enable the free and open sharing of hardware designs and projects so that, by sharing and collaborating with others who have similar interests and needs, innovation could occur more quickly, improvements could be suggested and incorporated, and more users could access the final product One such Open Source Hardware project resulted in the creation of a microcontroller-based development platform called Arduino [6]. We 1) describe the Arduino microcontroller development platform, 2) discuss examples of sensing and auxiliary circuit components available, and 3) demonstrate several datalogging devices developed for use in agricultural and natural-resources research
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