Abstract
Free/libre and open source software (FLOSS) originated from "hacker culture" and struggled against software privatization. The idea is that anyone is freely licensed to use, copy, study, and change the software in any way, and the source code is openly shared so that people are encouraged to voluntarily improve the design of the software. This is in contrast to proprietary software, where the software is under restrictive copyright licensing and the source code is usually hidden from the users. To give the users such freedom and control in their use of software, Richard Stallman launched the GNU project (Stallman, 1983), together with a manifesto stating that everyone will be permitted to modify and redistribute GNU.
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