Open Innovation Business Model as an Opportunity to Enhance the Development of Sustainable Shared Mobility Industry

Katarzyna Turoń

doi:10.3390/joitmc8010037

Abstract

The shared mobility services market is growing and changing very rapidly. Many novelties are introduced to the systems, ranging from improvements to the services already offered to services referred to as innovative. Since the following years are to bring significant development of mobility as a service (MaaS) systems, data sharing, and cooperation on the mobility market, the article is dedicated to check whether the current business models of the industry are ready for the open innovations implementations. The article aimed to analyze the business models of shared mobility systems along with their presentation in the form of CANVAS models and to investigate whether the models contain aspects of open innovation. Moreover, the article presents its own value-added open business model prepared for the whole shared mobility market. The paper also identifies a set of open innovations that can be implemented by all types of shared mobility operators. It proposed the basis that operators can use when developing their own open business models. The developed research is an original contribution to filling the research gap concerning the approach to open innovation by operators of all types of shared mobility services available on the market. The results show that car-sharing service providers are the biggest opponents of open innovation. On the other hand, the most ‘open’ systems are bike-sharing services. The conducted research may support operators in the process of transforming their businesses into more accessible for users. It also helps to develop the open innovation concept to create more sustainable shared mobility systems along the lines of collaborative economy assumptions.

Highlights

IntroductionI.e., short-term bicycles, cars, and scooter rentals, have become widely available in modern cities on six continents of the world
Shared mobility services, i.e., short-term bicycles, cars, and scooter rentals, have become widely available in modern cities on six continents of the world
Due to the recognition of a niche in research related to the analysis of business models of shared mobility systems in terms of the presence of open innovations in them, it was proposed to conduct research based on the analysis of existing data on the functioning of bike, car, and scooter-sharing systems and to conduct interviews with company representatives

Summary

Introduction

I.e., short-term bicycles, cars, and scooter rentals, have become widely available in modern cities on six continents of the world. The increased interest in using these services is mainly related to the availability of vehicles around-the-clock in cities [2]. Systems are increasingly distributed within cities and better correlated with urban public transport [3]. The systems are associated with flexibility and independence in movement provided by shared vehicles [4]. Shared mobility services are generally well perceived by the public, there are negative opinions about, for example, overly complicated vehicle rental processes, users’ concerns about the leakage of personal data, or a lower sense of privacy, security, and comfort compared to passenger cars [5]

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Conclusion