Open innovation between energy companies in developed and developing countries: resource-based and knowledge-based perspectives

Abstract

This paper presents proposals for improving and accelerating research and development processes through open innovation based on contractual project-based alliances between energy companies in developed and developing countries. The present study adopted an inductive approach, employing archival studies and a literature review to develop a model for research and development (R&D) contractual project-based alliances to be investigated in future research. This model was an attempt to collaborate between the phases of alliance strategy activities and the phases of R&D activities applied in contractual project-based activities. The present study distinguished three phases of open innovation: the pre-project phase of partner selection, the project phase of innovation, and the post-project phase of commercialisation. This model incorporated a knowledge management perspective focusing on intangible factors and a resource-based view focusing on tangible factors.