Abstract
The subsidies for legumes introduced in 2010 resulted in an increase in their cultivation area, including the area of sweet lupine and fodder pea. The cultivation of lupine is usually carried out on soils of the rye complex, similarly to winter rye, while the cultivation of peas – on soils of the wheat complex, like winter wheat. Due to similar soil requirements, legumes compete with cereals for the arable land. However, the cultivation of the former is not considered to be very profitable, even after including direct subsidies for cultivation. The purpose of the paper was to determine the production and economic results from the cultivation of the abovementioned legumes and cereals and to compare the profitability of cultivation of sweet lupine in relation to winter rye and fodder pea in relation to winter wheat on selected individual farms in Poland in the years 2015-2017. Profitability of cultivation of the plants was determined primarily using the profitability index of production, which is a percentage relation of the total value of production (excluding direct subsidies) to the total costs. The measure of profitability was also the income from activity without subsidies and income from activity after including subsidies. In the research, we used data from the AGROKOSZTY system, the Polish FADN system and the Central Statistical Office. Vertical and horizontal analysis of the results was used. It was shown that on average in the years 2015-2017, on farms participating in the study of considered plants, the profitability of lupine cultivation, expressed by profitability index, was lower than that of rye, and pea cultivation was slightly higher than that of wheat. In addition, the first income category, which is the gross margin (difference in total production value and direct costs), and one of the last – income from activity without subsidies (difference in total production value and total costs) proved to be in the case of lupine and peas cultivation relatively low compared to cereals competing with them for the same arable land. However, after taking into account the subsidies, cultivation of legumes was more profitable than cultivation of cereals. Therefore, the incentive for cultivation of legumes certainly provides a possibility for receiving subsidies for the area of their cultivation, and also a possibility for receiving subsidies for greening.
Highlights
Over the last decade, Poland, just like other European Union countries, has been carrying out various types of measures aimed at providing food security with regard to fodder protein quite intensely
In Poland, the legume most commonly cultivated for this purpose was sweet lupine, but of great importance was fodder pea i.e. field pea (Kalinowski, 2018; Stawiński, 2016)
Sweet lupine is usually cultivated on soils of the rye complex, just like winter rye, while fodder pea is cultivated on soils of the wheat complex, just like winter wheat
Summary
Poland, just like other European Union countries, has been carrying out various types of measures aimed at providing food security with regard to fodder protein quite intensely. In Poland, the legume most commonly cultivated for this purpose was sweet lupine (which includes all varieties of yellow lupine and most varieties of narrow-leaved lupine), but of great importance was fodder pea i.e. field pea (Kalinowski, 2018; Stawiński, 2016). Seeds of these plants are a very good source of protein of high biological value. In 2017, their total area occupied by sweet lupine was 165.31 thousand ha and was higher by 31.7% than in 2010, whereas the area occupied by fodder pea amounted to 1,025.79 thousand ha and increased by 52.6% when compared to 20111
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