Abstract
Nitrate from green-leafy vegetables is sequentially reduced to nitrite in the oral cavity and to nitric oxide (ŸNO) in the stomach. Here, ŸNO increases mucosal blood flow, mucus thickness and prevents microbial infections. Gut microbiota is pivotal in the maintenance of local and systemic welfare as dysbiosis is associated with increased epithelial permeability and with the activation of inflammatory pathways. Herein, we investigated the impact of nitrate on gut microbiome and ensued mucosal effects. Wistar rats were divided in 4 groups and the drinking water was supplemented with 1) antibiotic cocktail (neomycin, bacitracin, imipenem), 2) antibiotic cocktail nitrate, 3) nitrate, 4) tap water (control). Animals were weighted daily. After 7 days they were anesthetized and euthanized. Feces were collected before and after the treatment. Ceca were collected and weighted. The stomach and ascending colon were isolated and occludin, claudin-5, -15 as well as myeloperoxidase (MPO) and iNOS were analyzed. Bacterial DNA was analyzed by DGGE. Antibiotics induced weight loss and cecamegalia (p
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