Onset of a collisional modification of the Faraday effect in a high-density atomic gas.

Abstract

We investigate, theoretically and experimentally, the onset of modified electronic precession due to quasimolecular behavior in dense atomic gases. The close connection between the angular coupling of collision pairs and a modification of the Faraday effect is pointed out. We have observed the onset of this quasimolecular modification of the atomic Faraday effect with high-resolution laser measurements of the absorption and Faraday spectra near the ${\mathit{D}}_{2}$ line of Rb atoms immersed in high-density buffer gases. The atomic Faraday effect itself is also affected by the presence of nuclear spin; this modifies the electronic precession through angular-momentum coupling. We describe how to separate the effect of nuclear spin from the effects due to quasimolecular behavior. In this way we establish the existence of angular coupling of the Rb valence electrons to neighboring buffer-gas atoms at densities above \ensuremath{\sim}2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{19}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}3}$ in Xe buffer gas. In He buffer gas, quasimolecular modifications of the Faraday effect are approximately two times smaller than for Xe.