On-line preconcentration and determination of chromium(VI) in waters by high-performance liquid chromatography using pre-column complexation with 1,5-diphenylcarbazide

Abstract

A method for on-line chromatographic preconcentration and determination of chromium(VI) traces has been developed. Chromate was preconcentrated on a C 18 column (50×6 mm I.D.) after complexation with diphenylcarbazide (DPC). Following the preconcentration step, analysis of the sample was performed using a C 18 column (100×6 mm I.D.) with an eluent containing 6·10 −3 mol/l sulphuric acid and 20% (v/v) acetonitrile. Direct spectrophotometric detection at 546 nm was used. Experimental parameters such as mobile phase pH, DPC concentration, preconcentration flow-rate, sample volume were optimized for preconcentration and detection of Cr(VI)–DPC complex. Under the optimum conditions, most metal ions [Cr(III), Fe(III), Cu(II), Hg(II), Mo(VI), V(V)] and inorganic anions did not interfere. A detection limit of 0.02 ng/ml Cr(VI) can be attained when a sample volume of 100 ml is used. The technique has been applied successfully to the determination of Cr(VI) traces in drinking, surface and groundwater samples and the recoveries of added chromium were in the range 94–104%.