On-line opto-viscoelastic analysis of polypropylene fibres using multiple-beam Fizeau fringes in transmission and a modified creep device

Abstract

A creep device attached to an automated multiple-beam Fizeau system in transmission was modified with a designed digital ruler. This device allows on-line measurements of fibre length during creep experiments in terms of an analogue voltage value. The influence of sustained stress values on creep deformation and optical properties (n||, n⟂ and Δn) for polypropylene (PP) fibres was studied interferometrically. The opto-viscoelastic properties of PP fibres were determined for three different values of constant applied stress of 11.536, 18.717 and 25.905 MPa, at room temperature. Also, the variations of the cross-sectional area and Poisson's ratio were studied during creep extensions. The compliance curves were obtained as a function of both time and applied stresses. Empirical formulae are suggested to describe the creep compliance curves for PP fibres, and the constants of these formulae were determined and described at each applied stress. A Kelvin chain was used to model the mechanical behaviour of the PP fibres under study. The effect of strain on the mean refractive indices, orientation function density and crystallinity was investigated as a result of the recorded data. Microinterferograms are given for illustration. The modified creep device with the designed digital ruler enables one to obtain instantaneous automatic accurate recording of fibre length values during creep experiments. Calculation of refractive indices, orientation function and crystallinity shows a difference in material behaviour at small stresses from that at higher stresses which may be attributed to different strain rates caused by different stresses. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry