On-line micellar electrokinetic chromatography–mass spectrometry: feasibility of direct introduction of non-volatile buffer and surfactant into the electrospray interface

Abstract

An on-line method for the coupling of micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) and mass spectrometry (MS) is presented which allows conventional MEKC conditions to be employed without further modification. The MEKC system is coupled directly to electrospray ionization (ESI) MS using a triaxial interface. A systematic study of the influence of the surfactant concentration, the nature and concentration of buffer salts and presence of organic modifier on the interface performance indicated the feasibility of the MEKC–MS approach. Effective interfacing of MEKC was achieved with both single quadrupole and ion-trap MS instruments. Using a background electrolyte containing 20 m M sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and 10 m M sodium phosphate buffer, it is demonstrated that full MEKC runs of test mixtures of mebeverine and related compounds can be monitored by ESI-MS with satisfactory sensitivity. Sub-μg/ml levels of the analytes can still be detected in full scan mode, while detection limits are in the 10–50 ng/ml range when selected ion monitoring is applied. It is shown that such sensitivity would allow full-scan MS detection of 0.1% (w/w) levels of potential impurities in mebeverine. With the ion-trap instrument successful MEKC–MS/MS experiments were carried out providing information-rich MS spectra of the related compounds. Repeated MEKC–MS analyses proved that in the course of 1 day the migration time of mebeverine remained fairly constant while the MS-signal intensity only gradually decreased to approximately 65% of its original value. Once-a-day cleaning of the first part of the ion source, which takes only 5 min, suffices to preserve an optimal interface performance for a prolonged period of time.