Online battery model parameters identification approach based on bias-compensated forgetting factor recursive least squares

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Accuracy of a lithium-ion battery model is pivotal in faithfully representing actual state of battery, thereby influencing safety of entire electric vehicles. Precise estimation of battery model parameters using key measured signals is essential. However, measured signals inevitably carry random noise due to complex real-world operating environments and sensor errors, potentially diminishing model estimation accuracy. Addressing the challenge of accuracy reduction caused by noise, this paper introduces a Bias-Compensated Forgetting Factor Recursive Least Squares (BCFFRLS) method. Initially, a variational error model is crafted to estimate the average weighted variance of random noise. Subsequently, an augmentation matrix is devised to calculate the bias term using augmented and extended parameter vectors, compensating for bias in the parameter estimates. To assess the proposed method's effectiveness in improving parameter identification accuracy, lithium-ion battery experiments were conducted in three test conditions—Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule (UDDS), Dynamic Stress Test (DST), and Hybrid Pulse Power Characterization (HPPC). The proposed method, alongside two contrasting methods—the offline identification method and Forgetting Factor Recursive Least Squares (FFRLS)—was employed for battery model parameter identification. Comparative analysis reveals substantial improvements, with the mean absolute error reduced by 25%, 28%, and 15%, and the root mean square error reduced by 25.1%, 42.7%, and 15.9% in UDDS, HPPC, and DST operating conditions, respectively, when compared to the FFRLS method.