Abstract
One of the challenges facing modern free-electron laser (FEL) facilities is the accurate pulse-to-pulse online measurement of the absolute flux of the X-ray pulses, for use by both machine operators for optimization and users of the photon beam to better understand their data. This manuscript presents a methodology that combines existing slow-measurement methods currently used in gas detectors across the world and fast uncalibrated signals from multipliers, meant for relative flux pulse-to-pulse measurements, which create a shot-to-shot absolute flux measurement through the use of sensor-based conditional triggers and algorithms at SwissFEL.
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