One-Year Water Sorption and Solubility of All-in-One Adhesives

Ricardo Walter,Whitley Bartholomew,Ceib Phillips,Jr Jr,Lee W Boushell,Patricia N R Pereira,Edward J Swift,Krista Braswell,Yunro Chung,Andrew E Feiring

doi:10.1590/0103-6440201302267

Ricardo Walter, Whitley Bartholomew + Show 8 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201302267

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Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the water sorption and solubility of different adhesives. Adper Easy Bond, Adper Single Bond Plus, Bond Force, Clearfil SE Bond (bonding resin only), and Xeno IV were the materials evaluated. Ten disks of each adhesive were made in Teflon molds and evaporation of any volatile components was allowed. The disks were weighed daily in an analytical balance until a constant mass was obtained (m1). Disks were then immersed in water for 12 months when their wet weight was recorded (m2). The disks were again weighed daily until a constant mass was obtained and the final weight recorded (m3). Water sorption and solubility (percentages) were calculated using the recorded mass values. Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to compare the average water sorption and solubility among the different adhesives. Mann-Whitney tests with a Bonferroni correction were used to determine the pairwise differences between adhesives in water sorption and solubility. The level of significance was set at 0.05. Water sorption and solubility were significantly different among the groups (p<0.05). Pairwise comparisons showed no significant differences (p>0.05) between Adper Single Bond Plus and Bond Force, or between Clearfil SE Bond and Xeno IV in either water sorption or solubility. Xeno IV did not differ from Adper Easy Bond in water sorption (p>0.05). Water sorption and solubility of all-in-one adhesives increased with time, and the rates of increase were composition-dependent. The results suggest that monomers other than HEMA contribute to water sorption and solubility of adhesive systems from different categories.

Highlights

Since their introduction in the late 1990’s, manufacturers have attempted to develop all-in-one adhesives that effectively bond to the tooth structures and do not suffer from long-term hydrolytic degradation
The hypothesis that water sorption and solubility of all-in-one adhesives increase over time and do so at rates greater than those of the control materials was partially rejected
While water sorption and solubility of all-inone adhesives did increase over time, the rates were no greater than those of the control materials

Summary

Introduction

Since their introduction in the late 1990’s, manufacturers have attempted to develop all-in-one adhesives that effectively bond to the tooth structures and do not suffer from long-term hydrolytic degradation. While associations between degradation of such materials and cytotoxicity [1] and reduction in bond strengths [2] are questionable, hydrolysis of such materials is believed to negatively influence their clinical performance. To properly infiltrate hard tooth tissues, dentin, all-in-one adhesives combine etch, prime and bond functions in a single solution. The combined product is very hydrophilic given the water solvent and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) present in most. The function of water is to ionize acidic monomers while that of HEMA is to enhance wetting of dentin and keep hydrophilic and hydrophobic monomers stable in solution [3]. Higher water sorption for all-in-one adhesives compared with threestep etch-and-rinse and two-step self-etch adhesives [4], a positive association between HEMA content and adhesive degradation [5,6], and an association between hydrophilicity of adhesives and water sorption and solubility [7,8] have been reported

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