Abstract
In situ nitrogen-doped hydrophilic mesoporous carbon spheres with different carbon-to-silicon (C/Si) ratios (NMCs-x/3, x = 5, 6, 7, and 8) were prepared by one-step method coupled with a spray drying and carbonizing technique, in which triblock copolymer (F127) and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) were used as template agents, and biocompatible chitosan (CS) was used as the carbon source and nitrogen source. These carbon materials were characterized by TG, BET, XRD, Raman, FTIR, TEM, XPS, and contact angle measuring device. The adsorption and release properties of mesoporous carbon materials for the poorly soluble antitumor drug hydroxycamptothecin (HCPT) were investigated. Results showed that nanospherical mesoporous carbon materials were successfully prepared with high specific surface area (2061.6 m2/g), narrowly pore size distribution (2.01–3.65 nm), and high nitrogen content (4.75–6.04%). Those NMCs-x showed a satisfactory hydrophilicity, which gradually increased with the increasing of surface N content. And the better hydrophilicity of NMCs-x was, the larger adsorption capacity for HCPT. The absorption capacity of NMCs-x towards HCPT was in the following orders: qNMCs-5/3> qNMCs-6/3> qNMCs-7/3> qNMCs-8/3. NMCs-5/3 had the largest saturated adsorption capacity of HCPT (1013.51 mg g−1) and higher dissolution rate (93.75%).
Highlights
Mesoporous silica [1, 2], mesoporous molecular sieves [3], mesoporous carbon [4,5,6], and other materials have been widely used in the field of biomedicine
Silicon hydroxyl (Si–OH) was formed by hydrolysis, and – NH2 in CS formed hydrogen bonds in the acidic condition, leading to the creation of a triconstituent system subsequently polymerized and cross-linked to form a complex; (II) spray molding of the composite material was assembled by triconstituent system through spray drying process; (III) removal of F127 by roasting in an nitrogen atmosphere and carbonization; and (IV) thermal alkali removal of silicon to form mesoporous carbon materials
The temperature of 400 °C was held for 2 h to remove F127, and the temperature of 900 °C was held for 3 h to ensure that the carbon materials had a higher nitrogen content and degree of graphitization
Summary
Mesoporous silica [1, 2], mesoporous molecular sieves [3], mesoporous carbon [4,5,6], and other materials have been widely used in the field of biomedicine. It has been reported that mesoporous carbon materials have been extensively used in antitumor drug. Phenolic resins [18, 19] and sucrose [20, 21] are usually used as carbon sources to prepare mesoporous carbon. There are potential environment hazards associated with phenolic resins used as a carbon source. The hydrophilicity of mesoporous carbon materials prepared from these two carbon source materials is poor, which constrains the use of mesoporous carbon as drug loader in injection and blood circulation [17]. In order to increase the hydrophilicity of mesoporous carbon, many approaches have been proposed to modify the mesoporous carbon by mixed acid oxidation [9, 12, 22] or directly
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