Abstract
Aiming at materializing an excellent anodic source material of the high-performance sodium-ion battery (SIB), we fabricated the biomass carbon-silicon (C-Si) nanocomposites by the one-pot synthesis of facile magnesiothermic reduction using brown rice husk ashes. The C-Si nanocomposites displayed an aggregated morphology, where the spherical Si nanoparticles (9 nm on average) and the C nanoflakes were encapsulated and decorated with each other. When utilizing the nanocomposites as an SIB anode, a high initial discharge capacity (i.e., 378 mAh/g at 100 mA/g) and a high reversible capacity (i.e., 122 mAh/g at 200 mA/g) were achieved owing to their enhanced electronic and ionic conductivities. Moreover, the SIB device exhibited a high cyclic stability in its Coulombic efficiency (i.e., 98% after 100 charge-discharge cycles at 200 mA/g). These outstanding results depict that the one-pot synthesized biomass C-Si nanocomposites are beneficial for future green energy-storage technology.
Highlights
For next-generation green energy-storage device technology, the sodium-ion battery (SIB) has emerged as a favorable alternative to the lithium-ion battery (LIB) because of its huge abundance, low cost, eco-friendliness, non-toxicity, and analogous electrochemical mechanisms [1,2,3]
Several types of SIB anode materials have been proposed in resent studies [10,11,12,13,14]; for instance, tin (Sb) [15], antimony [16], phosphorus (P) [17], porous carbon (C) [18], silicon (Si) [19], titanium dioxide (TiO2) [20], and chalcogenides [21] are typical examples that can move a step closer to the practical application of SIBs
The reversible discharge capacity still remains ineffectual because the large portion of irreversible Na+ ions would tend to reside in Si matrix during the desodiation process [27]
Summary
For next-generation green energy-storage device technology, the sodium-ion battery (SIB) has emerged as a favorable alternative to the lithium-ion battery (LIB) because of its huge abundance, low cost, eco-friendliness, non-toxicity, and analogous electrochemical mechanisms [1,2,3]. Considering the environmental friendliness, the biomass rice husk is one of the most abundant natural resources that can supply various kinds of carbonaceous and siliceous sources [38,39] Upon such benefits, a lot of Si and C nanostructures were derived from rice husks for the LIB and the SIB applications; e.g., graphene [39], porous carbon [40], activated carbon [41], zeolites [42], silicon carbide [43], silica [44,45,46], silicon tetrachloride [47], silicon nitride [48], silicon nanocrystals [36,49], etc. We report experimental data on the synthesis-to-device application of the C-Si nanocomposites in detail
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