One-Pot Synthesis of Benzopyrano-Pyrimidine Derivatives Catalyzed by P-Toluene Sulphonic Acid and Their Nematicidal and Molecular Docking Study

Abstract

A cost-effective and environmentally benign benzopyrano-pyrimidine derivative synthesis has been established with the condensation of different salicylaldehyde derivatives, piperidine/morpholine with malononitrile, in the presence of a catalyst containing p-toluene sulphonic acid (PTSA) at 80 °C temperature. This procedure offers a new and enriched approach for synthesizing benzopyrano-pyrimidine derivatives with high yields, a straightforward experimental method, and short reaction times. The synthesized compounds were investigated for their nematocidal activity, and the result shows that among the four compounds, compounds 4 and 5 showed strong nematocidal activity against egg hatching and J2s mortality. The nematocidal efficacy of the compounds might be due to the toxicity of chemicals which are soluble in ethanol. The nematocidal effectiveness was directly related to the concentration of ethanolic dilutions of the compounds, i.e., the maximum treatment concentration, the higher the nematocidal action, or the higher the mortality and egg hatching inhibition. In the present study, with support from docking analysis, the relation between chemical reactivity and nematocidal activity of compound 4 was inferred.