Abstract
Uterine leiomyoma, also known as fibroids, is the most common benign neoplasm of the female genital tract. Leiomyoma is the most common uterine tumor. The leiomyoma subtypes account for approximately 10% of leiomyomas. Intravenous leiomyomatosis, a uterine leiomyoma subtype, is an intravascular growth of benign smooth muscle cells, occasionally with pelvic or extrapelvic extension. Uterine leiomyosarcoma, a malignant tumor, tends to metastasize hematogenously, and distant metastasis to the lungs and liver is common. Therefore, the oncological properties of this intravenous leiomyomatosis resemble those of the malignant tumor uterine leiomyosarcoma. Cancer stem cells migrate to distant organs via intravascular infiltration, leading to micrometastases. We examined the oncological properties of intravenous leiomyomatosis using molecular pathological techniques on tissue excised from patients with uterine leiomyoma. CD44-positive mesenchymal tumor stem-like cells were detected in both patients with intravenous leiomyomatosis and uterine leiomyosarcoma. The oncological properties of intravenous leiomyomatosis were found to be similar to those of uterine leiomyosarcoma. However, in intravenous leiomyomatosis, cyclin E and Ki-67-positive cells were rare and no pathological findings suspecting malignancy were observed. It is expected that establishing a treatment method targeting cancer stem cells will lead to the treatment of malignant tumors with a low risk of recurrence and metastasis.
Highlights
IHC staining for caveolin 1, cyclin B, cyclin E1, large multifunctional peptidase 2/b1i (LMP2/b1i), and Ki-67 was performed on serial human uterine mesenchymal tumor sections obtained from patients with uterine mesenchymal tumor
We examined the presence of CD44-positive cells in the internal tissue of intravenous leiomyomatosis using the excised tissue obtained from other patients with uterine leiomyoma
One in four women is affected by uterine leiomyomas-benign tumors of the uterine wall, known as uterine fibroids, during their premenopausal life
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Known as fibroids, is the most common benign neoplasm of the female genital tract. The prevalence of uterine leiomyoma in adult women over 50 is approximately 70%; uterine leiomyomas usually affect women in their fifties [1]. Round, firm, and often contain multiple uterine tumors composed of smooth muscle and connective tissue. Leiomyoma is the most common uterine tumor, and its subtypes account for approximately 10% of leiomyomas [1]. Leiomyomas are most prevalent among African-American women and least common among Asian women
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