Сonceptual approaches to organization of monitoring of geological environment and mineral resources of Ukraine in modern terms

Abstract

Monitoring of geological environment and mineral resources is a very important element, which provides functioning of all system of state administration in the field of environment protection, uses of natural resources and ecological safety in Ukraine, development of which the protracted historical period was determined by the mining minerals export of products of its processing. It stipulated critical, often close to catastrophic, state of geological environment in the basic mining districts of country. Especially a situation was aggravated in Donbas, where, in connection with the conduct of battle actions, out-of-control closing of mines and stopping of the mine waters pumping, an ecocatastrophe began to develop rapid rates. The programs of ecological rehabilitation of mining regions must be based on the constantly operating real-time prognosis model of geological environment on the basis of the geographic information system with the debugged systems of monitoring of its different parts (hydrogeological, engineer-geological, seismic, contaminations of soils and surface water et al). At creation and functioning of such models in districts with the crisis and catastrophic state of environment financial resources will be distributed more rationally on warning and decision of concrete ecological problems which can arise up in case of realization of the most ecological risks expected in such model. Main recommendations for renewal of the environmental monitoring system for the geological environment are the following: 1) creation of regional monitoring centers, which should be responsible for constantly functioning model; 2) renewal (or creation) monitoring networks for the state of geological environment, as the main suppliers of information for the constantly operating model; 3) development of mathematical hydrogeological models for increasing the probability of groundwater level forecasts and justification of measures for ecological rehabilitation of territories and the forecast of extraordinary ecological situations; 4) territory zoning under the risk of natural and natural-technogenic hazards; 5) creation of basin and territorial schemes for managing levels of underground and surface waters through the integrated use of horizontal and vertical (including underground mine) drains; 6) substantiation of priority and long-term measures to respond to prevailing impacts of ecological changes within territories on the economy structure, the employment composition of local population, the potential of sustainable development. One of important tasks to monitoring of raw mineral-material base in modern terms is development of mechanisms of bringing in of investments in geological industry. The purpose of geological and economic monitoring is to ensure the process of decision making at different administrative levels, on the one hand, and creation of information base for the economic evaluation of natural resources, on the other hand, and these components are interrelated parts of the same process. Information at operating and potential mining objects must be complemented by the indexes of economic and ecological character, shown out on the level of state statistics, and (on possibility) maximally open. It is proposed indicators for monitoring mineral resource base for different stages of development: for reconnaissance, prospecting, exploration and exploitation of deposits. The following groups of indicators are recommended for each stage of development: geological, mining, technological, economic and financial, environmental. This list requires careful processing to really reflect the environmental impact of mining and other industrial companies, environmental risks that arise on the territory of their influence, and economic losses. The latter concerns not only direct losses and those arising from non-receipt of profits from territory use in other activities (e.g. agricultural or tourism). The proposed monitoring systems include objects for all types of subsoil use and include implementation at the local, regional, and state levels.