Abstract
The origin of turbulent secondary flow in pipes of noncircular cross section is examined from a theoretical standpoint. It is proven mathematically that secondary flows result from a nonzero difference in the normal Reynolds stresses on planes perpendicular to the axial flow direction. Furthermore, it is shown that the K-ϵ model of turbulence has no natural mechanism for the development of secondary flow while the currently popular second-order closure models do. The implications that this has on turbulence modeling are discussed briefly.
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