Abstract
This work discusses issues related to the impact of urbanization on the microphysical processes of precipitating systems associated with synoptic, mesoscale, and local scale systems. Among the issues addressed is the impact of urban heat island (UHI) in São Paulo city center and urban densification (UD) in the Metropolitan Area of São Paulo (MASP) on the microphysical, dynamic, and thermodynamic properties and distribution of precipitation and heavier rainfall from sea-breeze (SB) e cold-front (CF) combined during their space-time evolutions. For this purpose, it used four components: classification of hydrometeors with fuzzy logic, calculation of the raindrop diameters, an estimate of liquid water mass and ice mass from polarimetric-variables measured with dual-pola- rization X-band meteorological radar. The results indicated that urban densification (UD) and heat island (UHI) of the São Paulo city center impact the formation of precipitation, liquid water mass, and ice mass, depth, and duration of a thunderstorm. It was also observed the asymmetric configuration of the thunderstorm is induced by the strong convergence in the São Paulo city center, and this strong convergence is induced by the intense heat island (UHI) in the São Paulo city center. Was also observed that this event that is formed in the Metropolitan Area of São Paulo (MASP) depends on microphysical processes of mixed-phase of the cloud (water and ice) above the 0°C isotherm for the production of intense rain and cold pool at the surface. These important microphysical processes within long-lasting secondary convective cells over the São Paulo city center should be taken into account on convective parameterization schemes as well as the associated cold pool dynamics.
Highlights
The Metropolitan Area of São Paulo (MASP) is among the five largest megacities of the planet
Among the issues addressed is the impact of urban heat island (UHI) in São Paulo city center and urban densification (UD) in the Metropolitan Area of São Paulo (MASP) on the microphysical, dynamic, and thermodynamic properties and distribution of precipitation and heavier rainfall from sea-breeze (SB) e cold-front (CF) combined during their space-time evolutions
The results indicated that urban densification (UD) and heat island (UHI) of the São Paulo city center impact the formation of precipitation, liquid water mass, and ice mass, depth, and duration of a thunderstorm
Summary
The Metropolitan Area of São Paulo (MASP) is among the five largest megacities of the planet. The diurnal cycle of surface diabatic heating, induced local circulation in an aerosol-rich environment is the main ingredients of deep thunderstorms in MASP [1]. The geometric center of MASP is different from suburban surroundings in both material and geometry, with multiple intersecting paved roads, impervious surfaces and denser irregular constructions in urban areas causing the heat island (UHI) of the São Paulo city [1]. About 70% of all severe weather events within MASP were associated with local circulation induced by topographic and UHI effects [3]. The UHI is caused by large sensible heat storage within the urban canopy in the early hours of the day and released during the afternoon and night over the center of the MASP [1]
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