Abstract
Wood of the Australian monotypic genus Monococcus is characterised by short, narrow vessel elements, simple and non-bordered perforation plates, alternate vessel pitting, short fibres with vestigial pit borders, scanty axial parenchyma, and multiseriate rays mainly composed of upright/square ray cells. Styloids are most abundantly present in the secondary phloem. Moreover, secondary growth produced by successive cambia occurs in woody stem parts. These data are compared to other Phytolaccaceae s.l. and a close relationship between Monococcus, Rivina and Petiveria (Rivinoideae or Rivinaceae) is confirmed. However, data on a wider range of taxa are required to support a separation of Rivinaceae from Phytolaccaceae s.s. on the basis of stem anatomy. The presence or absence of successive cambia represents useful taxonomic information for evaluating phylogenetic relationships in Phytolaccaceae s.l. and Caryophyllales.
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