Abstract
Nowadays, fossil fuels are well known as a predominant source of energy in the planet. Located in the Middle East region, Iran holds one of the largest fossil fuel reservoirs in the world. The country has abundant oil and natural gas fields in various regions; some of them are shared between other countries and have not reached their operational capacity yet. Meanwhile, during recent years and due to global warming followed by environmental global contracts such as Kyoto protocol, using fossil fuels is being criticized to a large extent around the world. Therefore, the global interest has been focused toward clean energy resources. Furthermore, endowed with sundry geographical pattern throughout its land, Iran has adequate renewable energy potentials. So, there will be a serious paradox affecting its whole energy policy: more exploration and extraction of conventional fossil fuels or take advantage of renewable and sustainable energy resources? In this paper, energy structure of Iran is generally overviewed, followed by study of renewable energy potentials in various parts of the country. Afterwards, policy making in renewable energy market, systems, and applicable strategies are elaborated. Furthermore, a number of barriers obstructing the development path of renewable energy schemes and initiatives are presented and discussed in detail.
Highlights
Fossil fuels fulfill a predominant portion of required energy for the human society.devastating impacts due to their utilization such as global warming, environmental pollution, and rise in sea levels are generally well-understood
Encouragement policies for required electricity in the state via renewable energy in the following 20 years. They showed that standardization and fossil fuel are the most expectable and green path and subsidies are most development of renewable energy in Iran were assessed by Atabi [40]
Aggregate electricity generation, and regarding the fact that many other renewable energy sources such as bio, PV installation of 1.8 GW has been carried out, whilst in 2011 this amount had stood at 71.1 GW, water, and wind depend on solar power, solar energy is of concern for abundant researchers in the witnessing a growth rate of 44%
Summary
Fossil fuels fulfill a predominant portion of required energy for the human society. As energy and environment issues are getting more and more attention, clean energy resources such as renewable energies (REs) have been getting more attractive. The REs are inherently intermittent resources and their utilization development needs mid-term and long-term programs. This paper intends to investigate this subject in Iran. Renewable energy systems are discussed and reviewed. A comprehensive overview of REs in Iran is carried out and various aspects including technology, policymaking, resources, and potentials are elaborated in different locations of the country. A SWOT (strength-weakness-opportunities-threats) analysis is accomplished and obstacles in the way of investment and effective solution to overcome them and develop REs are scrutinized. An all-embracing reference has formed for REs assessment
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