Abstract
In view of engineered structures such as those of advanced aircraft and space shuttles are often required to withstand multidirectional loads. We present three-directional (3D) functionally graded materials (FGMs) to reconstruct circular cylindrical tubes placed on an elastic foundation, and the buckling, dynamic and stability behaviors are investigated. In contrast with those of unidirectional and bidirectional FGMs, the material properties of 3D FGMs are designed to vary continuously and smoothly in three directions to fulfill multifunctional requirements. Considering the higher-order beam theory, Hamilton’s principle is adopted to establish the governing equations with variable coefficients of the 3D FGMs tubes. The generalized differential quadrature method (GDQM) is used to predict the statics and dynamics. Numerical simulations are performed to obtain the effects of physical parameters, such as the 3D FGM indexes, on the natural frequency, buckling load and stability regions in detail. The results show that the mechanical behaviors of the circular cylindrical tubes can be easily tuned by introducing 3D FGMs, demonstrating that 3D FGMs have more potential than one-directional and two-directional FGMs in terms of improving the load-bearing capacity of structures and optimizing those structures.
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