Abstract
Latin American (LA) megacities are facing enormous challenges to provide welfare to millions of people who live in them. High rates of urbanization and limited administrative capacity of LA cities to plan and control urban growth have led to a critical deficit of urban green space, and therefore, to sub-optimal outcomes in terms of urban sustainability. This study seeks to assess the possibility of using real estate prices to provide an estimate of the monetary value of the ecosystem services provided by urban green space across five Latin American megacities: Bogota, Buenos Aires, Lima, Mexico City and Santiago de Chile. Using Google Earth images to quantify urban green space and multiple regression analysis, we evaluated the impact of urban green space, crime rates, business density and population density on real estate prices across the five mentioned megacities. In addition, for a subset of the data (Lima and Buenos Aires) we analyzed the effects of landscape ecology variables (green space patch size, connectivity, etc.) on real estate prices to provide a first insight into how the ecological attributes of urban green space can determine the level of ecosystem service provision in different urban contexts in Latin America. The results show a strong positive relationship between the presence of urban green space and real estate prices. Green space explains 52% of the variability in real estate prices across the five studied megacities. Population density, business density and crime had only minor impacts on real estate prices. Our analysis of the landscape ecology variables in Lima and Buenos Aires also show that the relationship between green space and price is context-specific, which indicates that further research is needed to better understand when and where ecological attributes of green space affect real estate prices so that managers of urban green space in LA cities can optimize ecological configuration to maximize ecosystem service provision from often limited green spaces.
Highlights
Between 1700 and 2000, 55% of the Earth’s ice free land cover was transformed by human activities, leaving less than 45% of the terrestrial biosphere natural or semi natural [1]
The η2 values indicate that urban green space was the most important predictive variable explaining 52% of the variability in real estate prices across the megacities considered in this analysis
Business density had a modest influence on real estate prices with a η2 value of 10, whereas crime rate and population density had non-relevant impacts (Table 2)
Summary
Between 1700 and 2000, 55% of the Earth’s ice free land cover was transformed by human activities, leaving less than 45% of the terrestrial biosphere natural or semi natural [1]. World population has gone from living mainly on semi natural lands in 1700 [2], to living mostly in dense settlements (cities) by 2016 [3]. In Latin America (LA), three-quarters of the population already lives in cities [8], making it one of the most urbanized regions in the world. High population densities and the high concentration of human activity in LA megacities have led to a number of negative environmental impacts [11] and there are significant challenges in terms of meeting the demand for new physical infrastructure, which is often achieved at high social and/or-environmental costs [12]
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