On the substantiation of the effectiveness of air-centrifugal separation and dust cleaning of seed heap of herbs after the grate device

Abstract

The agrobiological and physico-mechanical properties of leguminous seed plants do not allow them to be harvested without loss exclusively by combine technologies. One way to increase the productivity of the seed production process is to include stationary machines in the assembly technology for wiping and separating seed heaps. Combining these important operations with one machine will further increase the efficiency of legume seed production technologies. This work is devoted to considering ways to increase the efficiency of air-centrifugal separation and dust cleaning seed heaps. A review of recent studies and publications has shown that there is a sufficient methodological basis for determining the parameters of the process of separation of the heap and purification of the exhaust air. An analysis of the publications made it possible to determine the purpose of the research, which is to increase the efficiency of the grater-separation unit by substantiating its scheme and the method of theoretical determination of the parameters of the separation process. According to the results of previous studies, a structural scheme of the grater-separating device is proposed. The main elements of the block are a grater device, which consists of a motionless and movable corrugated discs of the separating device with separate channels for the exit of seeds, straw part of the heap, air. To increase the efficiency of the cleaning process, a blade swirler and a louvre nozzle are placed in the separating device, which provide the air flow with rotational movement around the axis of the cyclone body. In theoretical studies of the motion of particles in a rotational air flow, the simplified assumption was adopted: the particles are spherical, do not deform, and do not interact with each other, the inertia force is directed along the radius of the cyclonic chamber, the tangential and axial components of the particle velocity are equal to the corresponding components of the air velocity, and the particle resistance force determined by the Stokes law, the force of attraction is much less than the centrifugal force, so we neglect it. The obtained formulas allow one to approximately determine the parameters of the cyclone device that will ensure the separation of the seeds of legumes.