On the sources of hydrocarbon deposits

Abstract

Information on the heterogeneity of hydrocarbon deposits is provided. On the one hand, this is obvious information about the organic source of coal methane, whose reserves are quite significant in many countries. But on the other hand, the existence of deposits that do not fit into the biogenic concept is noted. To study their nature, the notions of the advection-polymorphic hypothesis of deep processes in the Earth’s tectonosphere about one-act modern activation are used. The mechanism of formation of deposits and manifestations of activation in physical fields and geological phenomena, which can be considered as search criteria, is analyzed. The latter are studied mainly on the example of the Dnieper-Donetsk Depression (DDD). This is due to the platform nature of its development before activation. Against such a calm background, anomalies of physical fields are clearly visible, connected precisely with the latter process. The parameters of heat and mass transfer in the mantle and crust by modern activation are considered. The insufficiency of fluids arising from the partial melting of the mantle material, in particular, for the creation of deposits, was noted. Crust sources appear to be more promising. A thermal model of the activation process for platforms and geosynclinal regions is built. It is monitored by geothermometers data. It is based on the distribution model of abnormal physical properties. They explain the geological characteristics of oil and gas zones. The observed anomalies of the gravitational and thermal fields, the parameters of objects of high electrical conductivity are consistent with the calculated ones without selection. The variation in the anomalousness of physical fields with a variation in the density of hydrocarbon reserves is considered. The coincidence of the maxima of the anomalies and reserves with the zones of activated longitudinal and transverse the DDD deep faults is shown.