On the problem of word polysemy in the Khakass language (on the example of the lexicon of expressive verbs)

Abstract

The subject of the study are polysemantic Khakass verbs of colloquial style, the functional-semantic features of this category of verbs, as well as their semantic modifications, on the basis of which their figurative lexical-semantic variants are formed. Polysemous colloquial verbs, due to their wide situational-pragmatic potential, usually have the most complex, generalising meaning, bordering on desemantisation, and therefore are not always recorded in lexicographic sources. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that there are practically no works devoted to the study of the colloquial and everyday style of the Khakass language. Moreover, this topic is closely related to the concept of expressiveness, which has not been sufficiently studied with the help of Khakass material. The aim of the article is to identify and describe polysemous verbs of the colloquial style from a functional-semantic point of view. In achieving this goal, the following interacting issues were raised: expressive style of language, the phenomenon of polysemy in language, semantic potential of a word, representation of expressive vocabulary in lexicographic sources, good knowledge of the native language as a guarantee of figurative and intuitive perception of the world around us, etc. Methods of distributional analysis and component analysis have been used in the work, which make it possible to identify combination possibilities and semantic features of the described polysemantic verbs, in particular to determine the grammatical, syntactic and semantic methods of forming expressions. In addition, verbs with an expressive frequency not recorded in the Khakass-Russian Dictionary [2006] were identified, as well as lexical-semantic variants of verbs used in everyday speech not listed in the dictionary entries. The material for the analysis were examples collected from the works of Khakass authors. The verbs analysed are, as a rule, a specific part of the colloquial language of the literary characters. Theoretical significance: new knowledge has been obtained in terms of describing polysemantic verbal lexemes of colloquial style, which will serve as theoretical support for further development of the phenomena of polysemy and expressiveness in Khakass and other Turkic languages. Practical significance can be expressed in the use of research materials in the compilation of ideographic dictionaries, textbooks, as well as in teaching activities. In our article, the concepts of "polysemy" and "expressiveness" are discussed within the framework of a summarised understanding of a whole complex of stylistic, emotional, colloquial and other phenomena of language. In this way, an attempt is made to identify the problem for further in-depth and thorough studies of this rich and unique layer of the Khakass lexical system.