On the occurrence of similar spores in a lower Gondwana Glacial tillite from Australia and in lower Gondwana shales in India

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I n a previous communication (Virkki, 1937) I described some double-winged spores of the type Pityosfontes Seward obtained from the Salt Range, from a horizon as low as 1J ft. above the Talchir boulder bed—the lowest plant-bearing horizon so far recorded from the Gondwanas of India. Spores of the same type were also found in shales at higher horizons, where they were associated with Glossofiteris, etc., both in India and Australia. The occurrence of spores in these early Gondwana ghales gave room for hopeful speculations that spores might b e . obtained even from the glacial matrix itself. In a recent address at Calcutta Professor Sahni (1938, p. 16) said “ To prove that the flora actually co-existed with the ice it only remains to demonstrate these spores within the glacial matrix itself, and I think the facts at hand fully justify the expectation that this will be done. ”