Abstract
The fundamental reaction in photosynthesis of green plants is the photolysis of water into oxygen (O2) and hydrogen (H) (Ruben, Randall, Kamen & Hyde 1941) (see figure 8). The over-all process is driven by the energy of visible light. The fight is absorbed by photochemically active chlorophylls. Only about 0.1% of the chlorophyll is active (Emerson & Arnold 1932). The bulk of the chlorophyll ( Chl ) ( ~ 99 %) and the carotenoids are arranged in such a way that fight absorbed by them is transmitted to the active chlorophylls by energy migration (Gaffron & Wohl 1936; Forster 1947; Dutton, Mannig & Duggar 1943; French & Young 1952; Duysens 1952). The photolysis of water can also take place outside the cell in chloroplasts or chloroplast fragments using artificial (H)-aceeptors (Hill 1939). It has been demonstrated that in chloroplasts hydrogen can be accepted by triphosphorydine nucleotide ( NADP ) (Vishniac & Ochoa 1952; San Pietro & Lang 1956) and that simultaneous production of one ATP accompanies the formation of one NADP H2 (Arnon i960). With 2 NADP H2 and at least 3 ATP CO2 can be reduced to sugar via the Calvin cycle (Calvin, 1962). For the generation of the third ATP molecule light energy must be used which is not accompanied by NADP H2-production (Arnon 1960).
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