On the manoeuvring performance of a ship with theparameter of loading condition

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When predicting ship manoeuvring performance at the initial design stage, it is considered that the loading condition is one of the important parameters for manoeuvring characteristics. To accurately predict ship manoeuvrability, hydrodynamic forces acting on a ship in any loading condition must be estimated. In this paper, approximate formulae for estimating the hydrodynamic forces acting on ships in any loading conditions such as half loaded, ballast and trim by stern conditions are proposed. These approximate formulae were derived from the results of a model test. Thirteen models were used to obtain the hydrodynamic forces consisting of general cargo, car carrier and RORO ships. The model test was carried out on 13 ships for fully loaded condition, on 11 ships for ballast condition and 5 ships for half loaded condition. The predicted results agreed well with the model test results. Therefore, this method will be useful for practical prediction of manoeuvrability for conventional ships at the initial design stage. However since the approximate formulae were investigated on ship models there still remain some problems to be solved such as a correlation, scale effect and so on, to predict the manoeuvring performance of a full scale ship.