On the Linkage Between Daytime E Region Field‐Aligned Irregularities and Sporadic E Layer at Low Latitude

Abstract

AbstractWe investigate the generation of low latitude daytime E region field‐aligned irregularities (FAIs) and focus on whether the FAIs are exclusively linked with sporadic E (Es) and whether the FAIs are driven by wind‐driven gradient‐drift instability (GDI). For this investigation, we use observations of FAIs made by the 30 MHz Gadanki Ionospheric Radar Interferometer (GIRI) and Es made by the DPS‐4D digital ionosonde, both collocated at Gadanki. We have also examined simultaneous GIRI and Ionospheric Connection Explorer wind observations to substantiate our results. Results show that daytime E region FAIs are closely linked with Es activity and FAIs are not formed when Es is absent. FAIs are formed when blanketing frequency of Es (fbEs) exceeds frequency of the E layer. Both signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) and spectral width of the FAIs echoes display close relationship with top frequency of Es (ftEs). Further, SNR and spectral width of the FAIs echoes display a near‐linear relationship with minimum deviation when Es activity is moderate and show dispersion from near‐linear relationship when Es activity is strong. Zonal drift of the FAIs are predominantly eastward displaying both positive and negative vertical shear. Results also show that Es activity in terms of fbEs and ftEs is found to be closely related to the vertical shear in the zonal drift of the FAIs. Considering the height region of FAIs being highly collisional, we argue that zonal drifts are dominated by zonal wind and vertical shear in the zonal neutral wind is responsible for the formation/maintenance of Es layer and the eastward neutral wind is primarily responsible for the generation of the FAIs through the GDI.