On the issue of winter triticale selection improvement in the Central region non-Black Earth area conditions

Abstract

In the conditions of the Moscow region, in 1993-2020, more than 1.0 thousand Triticale Wittmack cultivars were studied, including new varieties and lines, by using diallel crossings (DIAC) (5 × 5) and other field and laboratory experiments. Tests of varietal samples in DIAC in 2011-2012 using the method of Hayman (1954) showed that the traits of winter triticale are characterized by an additive-dominant inheritance scheme. The dominant genes made the main contribution to the increase in productivity traits, and the prospects of a particular cross-breeding combination depended on their concentration. In the competitive test (CSI) in 2015-2020, the best productivity was found in the Gera variety - 8.15 t/ha (the standard one is 7.29 t/ha). It is shown that over the past 25 years in the Federal Research Center “Nemchinovka” created more than 25 varieties of winter triticale, 12 varieties submitted to the State Register, 6 varieties are now in production, including variety Nina, released in 2013 for the Central region and combines with Samara Research Institute of Agriculture variety Capella, made to the State Register from 2019.