On the inference rules in legal logic

Abstract

推论规则是逻辑学研究的核心内容。法律逻辑是一门应用逻辑，但它并不是形 式逻辑的推论规则在法律领域中的简单运用，而是形式逻辑的推论规则加上法律领 域中的特殊推论规则的结果。因此，法律逻辑中的推论规则与形式逻辑中的推论规 则相比，既有共性的一面，又有个性的一面。其共性表现为形式逻辑的基本推论规 则是构成法律逻辑中的推论规则必不可少的组成部分，其个性表现为法律逻辑中有 着与形式逻辑中的推论规则所不具有的特殊推论规则——证明责任规则。 关键词: 法律逻辑 推论规则 证明责任规则 Inference rules are at the heart of studies of logic. Although legal logic is an applied logic, it is not a simple application of the inference rules of formal logic in the legal domain, but the outcome of a combination of the inference rules of formal logic and inference rules peculiar to the legal domain. Therefore, although legal inference rules have some features in common with the inference rules of formal logic, they also have a distinctive character. Their common features are to be found in the fact that the basic inference rules of formal logic are an indispensable part of the inference rules of legal logic, while their distinctiveness lies in the fact that legal inference rules contain a special inference rule that does not exist in formal logic, the rule of burden of proof.