Abstract
Vortex rings are turbulent coherent structures that are ubiquitous in various application domains ranging from gas turbines to aquatic locomotion. The vortex rings are highly sensitive to a variety of external governing parameters. In this paper, we have quantitatively investigated the topology and formation mechanisms of such rings under the effect of externally modulated temperature, pressure, and amount of fluid injection. Vortex characteristics like translational velocity, peak vorticity, and circulation are analytically predicted along with rigorous experimental corroboration. The experiments are carried out on high viscous fluids with circulation-based vortex Reynolds number varied in the range of 8–100. The rings under distinct conditions are generated from a solenoid valve-controlled pipe by varying the externally governed parameters. We have shown that these parameters can be collapsed into a universal variable to provide insights into the vortex roll-up characteristics and variation of energy distribution towards translation and circulation for a given vortex ring.
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