Abstract
Freedom in Europe made a considerable advance in the thirteenth century. An interregnum occurred in Germany from 1250 to 1273, and during that interval the King of Hun-gary and the Count of Holland entirely freed themselves from the homage which they had been accustomed to pay to the German Emperor. The Hanseatic League was formed at the same period between the cities of Lubeck, Cologne, Brunswick, and Dantzic, for their mutual defence against the encroachments of great lords, and these towns were afterwards joined by eighty others. Liberty was purchased for a sum of money by the cities of Lombardy, and duly confirmed to those important centres of mediaeval civilization.
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